Learning to Learn®
THINKING SKILLS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
SEVENTH EDITION

Marcia Heiman
and
Joshua Slomianko

Table Of Contents
Chapter 1: Starting Out
College ­ Your Future of Possibilities
Why is College Important? 
    Education and Income 
Questions About Going to College 
Thinking Skills for the 21st Century
    Succeeding with Learning to Learn® 
    Student Voices 
How is Learning to Learn® Different from All Other
Freshman Orientation Programs? 
Why "Thinking Skills for the 21st Century"? 
Thinking Strategies of Successful Students 
    Why are the LTL Skills so Effective? 
Meeting Academic and Personal Goals 
Choosing Courses
    Surviving an Unstructured Curriculum 
Finding and Using Campus Resources 
Introduction to the LTL Journal 
Why are You in College? 
Reaching for the Top 1: A Pre-Course Self-Assessment 

Chapter 2: How We Learn 
Barriers to Learning 
Using Your Best Thinking Skills 
Thinking Tools of Successful Learners
    Natural Thinking Skills 
    Empower Yourself: Solving Problems 
    with the Four LTL Thinking Tools
    Student Voices
Learning Styles 
    Different Kinds of Learning Styles
    Left- and Right-Brain Learning Styles 
    Detail-Focus/Big Picture Learning Styles 
    High and Low Structure Learning Styles 
    When Do You Learn Best? 
    What is Your Learning Style? 
    Empower Yourself: Don't Let Labels Limit You 
The Structure of Learning 
Both Sides of Your Brain Games 

Chapter 3: Generating Questions 
From Lecture Notes 
Questioning ­ the Key to Learning 
Student Sample: Before LTL 
Student Sample: After LTL 
Taking Lecture Notes 
    Using Abbreviations 
    Leaving Notebook Pages Blank 
    Making Variations in Math-Based Courses 
    Taking Notes with Formulas and Graphs 
    Student Voices
Generating Questions from Lecture Notes 
    Asking Mirror Questions 
    Summary Questions
    Writing Higher-Level Questions 
    Asking Good Questions 
    Asking Subject-Relevant Questions 
    Using Mirror Questions to Prepare for Exams 
    Going Beyond the Information Given 
       "What if's?" Questions 
       Creative Questions 
Empower Yourself: Asking Good Questions Beyond College 
Classroom Issues  
Lecture Classes 
 Seminar Classes Getting to Know Your Professors 
Self-Evaluation Checklist 
The Prediction Game

Chapter 4: Reading to Answer Questions
Reading Textbooks 
    Student Sample 
    Student Voices 
Reading Without Headings 
Supplemental Readings 
Speed Reading 
Reading Literature and Poetry 
Reading Computer Science 
Reading to Solve Math-Based Problems 
Reading Graphs, Tables, and Diagrams 
Self-Evaluation Checklists 
The Cost/Benefit Game

Chapter 5: Time/Task Management
What's Wrong with Most Time Management Systems? 
What's Different About the LTL Time/Task Management System? 
How Do You Use Your Time? 
Step 1: Taking Data on Yourself 
    Data Collection Chart 
Step 2: Interpreting the Data 
Step 3: Setting Priorities with a Task Management "To Do" List 
Step 4: "To Do" Lists 
    Using Task Management Checklists 
Step 5: Task Management Checklists and LTL Skills
Step 6: Using a Task Management Checklist for Academic Tasks 
Step 7: Using Time Breaks as Rewards 
    Taking Creative Breaks 
Step 8: Using Question Charts in Task Management Checklists 
Step 9: Preparing for Exams with Task Management Checklists 
    Student Voices 
Empower Yourself: Using Task Management Checklists 
for Daily Life 
The Task Management Game 
 

Chapter 6: Preparing for Exams
by Using Both Sides of Your Brain 
Integrating Left- and Right-Brain Learning 
Question Charts 
    Is it Hard to Construct Question Charts? 
    Building Question Charts 
    Student Voices 
    Predicting Objective Test Questions with Question Charts 
    Preparing for Objective Tests with Question Charts 
Studying for Objective Tests: Defining Terms
   Taking Objective Tests 
Essay Exams and Key Word Diagrams 
  Student Sample 
   The Mind Map: A Special Kind of Key Word Diagram 
   Student Sample 
  Empower Yourself: Attaining Goals with Key Word Diagrams 
Writing Mock Exams 
   Student Sample 
Writing Essay Questions 
Picturing Ideas 
Reading Essay Exam Questions 
   Empower Yourself: Getting Past the Anxiety Cycle 
Computing Your Grade Point Average 
Self-Evaluation Checklists 
The Question Chart Game 
The Reading Essay Exams Game
 

Chapter 7: Writing, Research, & the Internet
Writing to Answer Questions 
Using Questions to Write Good Paragraphs 
    Student Sample 
Writing Term Papers 
    Empower Yourself: Finding What You Need When 
    Writing Term Papers 
    Student Voices 
    Using a Writing Flow Chart 
    The Editing Checklist for Revising Rough Drafts 
   Editing Checklists 
      Steps to Better Grammar 
      Steps to Better Spelling 
    Internet Exercise 
    Empower Yourself: Solving Personal Problems 
    with Editing Checklists 
    What is True? The Issue of Verification 
    What is Not Valid Research? The Issue of Plagiarism 
Using the Internet 
    Doing Research on the Internet 
      Keys to Effective Searching 
      More Searching Tips 
Doing Computer-Based Research in the Library 
    Informal Ways to Use the Library 
    Putting It All Together
The Learning to Learn® Scholarship Contest 
The Writing Game 
 

Chapter 8: Being All That You Can Be
Your Private Laboratory 
Success Inventories 
    Taking Initiative 
    Feeling Personally Competent 
    An Alternative to the Blame Game 
    What Are Your Learning Habits 
    A "Personal Snapshot"
    Student Voices 
    Empower Yourself: A Positive "Personal Snapshot" 
Being Your Own Best Friend
    Looking Towards the Future 
    Empower yourself: Picturing the Future 
Find Your Values 
    Empower Yourself: Using Your Fears Creatively 
Self-Discovery Games 
 

Chapter 9: Relationships
Personal and Social Changes in College 
Using the Four LTL Tools in Relationships 
    Feeling Left Out & How to Connect with People 
    Ethics in Relationships with Others 
    Developing Leadership Skills 
Friends: People You Can Count On 
Being a Commuter Student 
Dating 
Diversity: Relating to Other Groups 
    Classroom Simulation
Sexism and Sexual Harassment 
Applying LTL Thinking Tools: Relationships
Internet Exercise
A Game of Imagination: The Dinner Party 
 

Chapter 10: Being Healthy
Reducing Stress 
Relaxation Techniques 
A Stress Management Exercise 
    Student Voices 
Applying LTL Thinking Tools: Managing Stress 
Empower Yourself: Taking Control of Your Life 
The Food You Eat
    An Easy, Fat-Free Diet 
    Eating Disorders 
Exercise
Applying LTL Thinking Tools: Food and Fitness 
 The Question of Sex 
    Birth Control 
    Sexually Transmitted Diseases 
What Every College Student Should Know About AIDS
    Protecting Yourself from Sexual Assault 
Addictions 
    Alcohol 
    Drugs 
    Cigarettes 
    Applying LTL Thinking Tools: Controlling Addictions 
Internet Exercise 
Lending a Helping Hand 
 

Chapter 11: Going Back to School
Do You Belong in College? 
Changing Student Populations 
Succeeding in College 
Will College Take Too Long? 
Is College Worth the Effort? 
    Student Voices
Campus Services for Adults Returning to School
Relationships at Home and Work 
    Building from Experience
    Student Voices
Personal Relationships
    Relationships with Your Spouse
    Relationships with Your Children 
      Child Care 
    Relationships with Your Friends
    Relationships at Work 
    Relationships with Your Co-Workers 
       Learning to Learn® at Work 
       Empower Yourself: Using LTL at Work 
Using LTL Skills in Daily Life
Applying LTL Thinking Tools: Returning to School as an Adult 
Internet Exercise 
The Returning to School Game 
 

Chapter 12: Practical Matters
Handling Your Finances
    Living on a Budget
    Weekly Expense Record 
    Student Voices 
    Using Credit 
    Obtaining Financial Aid 
    Internet Exercise 
    Applying LTL Thinking Tools: Financial Matters 
Your Career: Choices for the Future 
    Self-Assessment
    Course Selection and Transferable Skills 
    Information-Seeking Interviews
    Establishing a Contact Network 
    Applying LTL Thinking Tools: Career Planning
    Internet Exercise
Careers Game
Reaching for the Top 2: Assessing Your Progress
Conclusion
Index

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